Questions You Should Answer Before History Exam

Chapter 13: Political Transformations

1. What enabled Europeans to carve out huge empires an ocean away from their homelands?

2. What large scale transformations did European empires generate?

3. What was the economic foundation of colonial rule in Mexico and Peru? How did it shape the kinds of societies that arose there?

4. How did the plantation societies of Brazil and the Caribbean differ from those of southern colonies in British North America?

5. What distinguished the British settler colonies of North America from their counterparts in Latin America?

6. What motivated Russian empire building?

7. How did the Russian Empire transform the life of its conquered people and of the Russian homeland itself?

8. What were the major features of Chinese empire building in the early modern era?

9. How did Mughal attitudes and policies toward Hindus change from the time of Akbar to that of Aurangzeb?

10. In what ways was the Ottoman Empire important for Europe in the early modern era?

Define:

1. Cortez:

2. the great dying:

3. Dona Marina:

4. Columbian Exchange:

5. Peninsulares:

6. Mestizo:

7. Plantation complex:

8. Mullatoes:

9. settler colonies:

10. Siberia:

11. yasak:

12. Qing dynasty empire:

13. Mughal Empire:

14. Akbar:

15. Aurangzeb:

16. Ottoman Empire:

17. Constantinople:

18. devshirme:

Chapter 14: Economic Transformations

1. What drove European involvement in the world of Asian commerce?

2. To what extent did the Portuguese realize their own goals in the Indian Ocean?

3. How did the Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch and British initiatives in Asia differ from one another?

4. To what extent did the British and Dutch trading companies change the societies they encountered in Asia?

5. What was the world historical importance of the silver trade?

6. Describe the impact of the fur trade on North American native societies.

7. How did the North American and Siberian fur trades differ from one another? What did they have in common?

8. What was distinctive about the Atlantic slave trade? What did it share with other patterns of slave owning and slave trading?

9. What explains the rise of the Atlantic slave trade?

10. What roles did Europeans and Africans play in the unfolding of the Atlantic slave trade?

11. In what different ways did the Atlantic slave trade transform African societies?

Define:

1. Indian Ocean commercial network

2. trading post empire

3. Philippines (Spanish)

4. British/Dutch East India companies

5. Tokugawa Shogunate

6. Silver drain

7. Potosi

8. soft gold

9. African diaspora

10. Benin/Dahomey

11. Ayuba Suleiman Diallo

Chapter 15: Cultural Transformations

1. In what ways did the Protestant Reformation transform European society, culture and politics?

2. How was European imperial expansion related to the spread of Christianity?

3. In what ways was European Christianity assimilated into Native American cultures of Spanish America?

4. Why were missionary efforts to spread Christianity so much less successful in China than in Spanish America?

5. What accounts for the continued spread of Islam in the early modern era and for the emergence of reform or renewal movements within the Islamic world?

6. What kinds of cultural changes occurred in China and India during the early modern era?

7. Why did the scientific revolution occur in Europe rather than in China or the Islamic world?

8. What was revolutionary about the scientific revolution?

9. In what ways did the Enlightenment challenge older patterns of European thinking?

10. How did 19^th century developments in the sciences challenge the faith of the Enlightenment?

11. In what ways was European science received in the major civilizations of Asia in the early modern era?

Define:

1. Protestant Reformation:

2. Catholic Counter-Reformation:

3. Taki Onqoy:

4. Ursula de Jesus:

5. Jesuits in China:

6. Wahhabi Islam:

7. Kaozheng

8. Mirabai:

9. Sikhism:

10. Copernicus:

11. Newton:

12. European Enlightenment:

13. Voltaire:

14. Condorcet and the idea of progress